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Saravanan, V.
- Characteristics of Different Indonesian Coals Blended with a High Ash Indian Coal
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Authors
Affiliations
1 SRF, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
2 Joint Director, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
3 Additional Director (Retd.), Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
1 SRF, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
2 Joint Director, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
3 Additional Director (Retd.), Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 12, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 579-590Abstract
Two Indonesian coals from different mines were blended with a high ash representative Indian coal obtained from South Eastern Coalfield Limited (SECL) mines at different proportions like 10/90, 20/80, 30/70 and 50/50. These blends were characterized for the qualitative and quantitative parameters based on additive rule. The additive/non-additive behavior of these blend proportions were studied comparing the experimentally obtained value with the calculated values based on additive rule. The results obtained indicate that the quantitative parameters like proximate and ultimate parameters were found to be additive and the qualitative parameters like ash fusion temperature and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) were found to have deviation from the calculated values. Among the two different blends one blend showed additive characteristics on the HGI values while the other one showed non-additive characteristics. The Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) was found to be non-additive in both the blends.Keywords
Two Indonesian coals from different mines were blended with a high ash representative Indian coal obtained from South Eastern Coalfield Limited (SECL) mines at different proportions like 10/90, 20/80, 30/70 and 50/50. These blends were characterized for the qualitative and quantitative parameters based on additive rule. The additive/non-additive behavior of these blend proportions were studied comparing the experimentally obtained value with the calculated values based on additive rule. The results obtained indicate that the quantitative parameters like proximate and ultimate parameters were found to be additive and the qualitative parameters like ash fusion temperature and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) were found to have deviation from the calculated values. Among the two different blends one blend showed additive characteristics on the
- A Study on the Slagging And Fouling Propensity of Imported Coals Blended with Indian Coal
Abstract Views :184 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Training Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560 080, IN
2 Materials Technology Division,CentralPowerResearchInstitute,Bangalore 560 080, IN
1 Training Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560 080, IN
2 Materials Technology Division,CentralPowerResearchInstitute,Bangalore 560 080, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 12, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 591-602Abstract
Coal blending excercises are becoming popular in the present day scenario with many of the Indian thermal power plants. Blending of an inferior variety of indigeneous coal with that of high quality imported coal is gaining importance. With the depleting coal reserves in the country leading to deterioration of the indigeneous coal quality and less availability of the high grade coals, it has become imperative on part of the power generation plants to import high quality coals and blend them with inferior variety of indigeneous coal and burn them in the boilers for power generation.
It is challenging to ensure that the resulting coal blend will maintain the required plant output without damaging the boiler and high temperature components.
Combustion of various coalsblends in the boiler lead to a variety of complex thermochemical reactions. The inert residue of coal combustion product which is ash is composed of complex oxides of various minerals. The quantity and the characteristic of the ash is inherent to the particular type of coal combusted. The fusion of this ash in the boiler during combustion may sometime lead to slag forming and fouling problems. This slagging and fouling phenomenon is dependent on a number of factors such as the ash chemical composition, combustion temperature, combustion atmosphere, boiler operating parameters etc., Deposition of coal ash/slag and fouling impedes the heat transfer there by increasing the Flue Gas Exit Temperature (FEGT). Ash deposits due to fouling on convective pass tube banks can block flow passages. Large deposits in the upper furnace or radiant zone dislodge and fall which may cause damages to the lower furnace pressure parts. Extreme ash deposition leads to forced outages and corrosion problems. Keeping the above in view it is important to study the various parameters related with blended coal so as to ascertain the proper blend ratios, operating temperature, boiler conditions and other factors.
In this study 3 types of imported coals and an Indian coal was blended in various proportions and the blended coals were studied for their various paratmeters such as ash fusion temperatures, chemical compositions etc., and by applying certain indices, the behavior of the residual blended coalash for its slagging and fouling propensity have been reported.
Keywords
Blending of coals, slagging propensity, fouling, boiler slags, pulverized coal firing- CFD Modelling of the Blended Coal Combustion in A Typical 210MW Indian Boiler
Abstract Views :182 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 SRF, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
2 Joint Director, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
3 Additional Director (Retd.), Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
1 SRF, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
2 Joint Director, Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
3 Additional Director (Retd.), Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru-560080, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 12, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 625-636Abstract
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assessment was carried out for the combustion of pure Indian coal and the blends of Indian/imported coals at various proportions in a typical 210 M We Indian boiler. The input fuel mass flow rate was calculated in various cases to give the same thermal input to the boiler. The various sub models used for the CFD assessment has been described in the paper. The velocity and temperature profiles of the gas phase, combustion profile of the particles, heat flux distribution to the walls of the boiler and also the thermal efficiency of the boiler were assessed in the present work. It was found that the particle and fluid dynamics play a major role in the heat flux distribution in the boiler. The Indian and imported coal blend proportion of 80/20 showed good thermal efficiency compared to the pure Indian coal and other blend proportions.Keywords
Blended Coal, CFD, Indian Boiler, Heat Flux Distribution, Pre-mixed Blending- Conversion of Biomedical Wastes to Energy by Plasma Technologies
Abstract Views :77 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 17, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 75-80Abstract
The Biomedical Wastes (BMW) include variety of materials like plastics, radioactive elements, metals, infectious biomolecules, etc which are hazardous and pose potential health risk to the people when they are directly released to environment. There are many technologies for treating biomedical wastes like incineration, steam sterilisation before landfilling, etc. The plasma gasification is the state of art technology for the safe disposal of BMW and also convert them to energy. The plasma gasification operates at very high temperatures and the conversion percentage is relatively high compared to any other gasification technologies. The concept of plasma gasification for BMW and the other techno economical aspects are discussed in this paper.Keywords
Biomedical, Biomedical Waste, Plasma Gasification, Microwave, Waste to EnergyReferences
- Messerle VE, et al. Processing of biomedical wastes in plasma gasifier. Waste Management. 2018; 79(2018):791–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.048 PMid:30343813
- Guidelines for Handling of Bio Medical Wastes for Utilisation, CPCB, India; 2019.
- Guidelines for handling, treatment and disposal of waste generated during treatment/diagnonsis/quarantine of COVID-19 patients, CPCB, India; 2020
- Byun Y, Cho M, Hwang S-M, Chung J. Thermal plasma gasification of municipal solid waste. Gasification for Practical Applications; 2012. p. 183–210.
- Plasma gasification commercialization [Internet]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gasification_commercialization
- Plasma gasification. [Internet]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gasification
- Characteristics of the HGI Fractions of the Indian Coal Blended with Imported Coals
Abstract Views :81 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
1 Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 17, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 121-124Abstract
The blends of a high ash Indian coal with three coals of different foreign origins -Australia, Russia and Indonesia were subjected to HGI testing as per ASTM D 409 and the resulted fractions obtained in the coarser and finer portions of ASTM 200 mesh (75 microns) were assessed for their characteristics in respect of proximate and ultimate parameters, alpha quartz and combustion reactivity. The similar studies were also carried out for the parent coals. HGI values were found additive in case of Indian-Indonesian coal blends and the same was found non-additive in respect of Indian-Russian and Indian-Australian coal blends. Considerable variation in properties was observed in the coarser and finer fractions of the ASTM 200 mesh for parent Indian and Indonesian coals compared to parent Australian and Russian coals. This indicates the disproportion of the coals and coal blends particles during the sieving process after subjecting to HGI test. The variation of alpha quartz content in the coarser and finer fractions indicate that there is a segregation of free minerals in the coarser and finer fractions. The conversion plots obtained through TGA for the coarser and finer fractions indicate that there is no maceral segregation.Keywords
Blended coal, Disproportionation, Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI), Non-Additive, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)References
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- Helle S, Gordon A, Alfaro G, García X, Ulloa C. Coal blend combustion: Link between unburnt carbon in fly ashes and maceral composition. Fuel Processing Technology. 2003; 80:209–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00245-X
- Estimation of Fly ASH Availability in a Thermal Power Plant for Cement Manufacturers
Abstract Views :74 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 17, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 125-131Abstract
The Indian coals are having 25 to 45% ash content and huge quantity of fly ash is being generated every day in the Indian thermal power plants. The fly ash so generated are being disposed by dry or wet mode from the power plant. The fly ash disposed in dry mode is lifted by the cement manufacturers and the fly ash disposed in wet mode is unattended. Most of the quantity of fly ash is collected in the ESPs. The particle size of fly ash collected in ESPs is finer compared to the fly ash collected in other parts of the power plant. For this reason the cement manufacturers prefer the fly ash from ESPs. The quantity of fly ash collected in the ESPs is not directly measurable on everyday basis as there are no well proven instrumental methods. Also the quantity of fly ash collected in ESPs fluctuates every day due to the varying load factor and coal quality. However, it is important to estimate the quantity of fly ash collected by ESPs on everyday basis so that the proportion of fly ash lifted by the cement manufacturers and the fly ash sent to the ash pond will be known. Presently power plants do not have a method to estimate the exact availability of fly ash and it is being theoretically calculated from the design value that the 80% of the total ash is fly ash and in that a fixed proportion (about 70% of total fly ash generated) is collected in the ESPs. However, the actual generation of fly ash would be different and this is influenced by the type of coal used, fineness of the input coal particles, boiler operating conditions, load factor, age of the power plant, etc. This uncertainty leads to disputes between cement manufacturers and the utility if there is a penalty clause in the agreement for not completely lifting the available fly ash (as theoretically calculated by the utility). In view of this it is imperative to formulate acceptable methods for determining the actual quantity of fly ash collected in the ESPs on daily basis. In the present work, a simple methodology was developed to quantity the average fly ash collected in ESPs in a 210 MWe coal fired power plant on every day basis through site measurements and routine power plant data. The amount of fly ash disposed in dry and wet mode has also been estimated through this method.Keywords
: Ash Disposal in Power Plants, Fly Ash, Cement Plants, Coal based Power Plants.References
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